Dr. Samar Mubarakmand's Interview with Geo TV

[jawad]

Dr. A. Q. Khan-The Hero and the Enigma
Columnist FAZAL HABIB CURMALLY peels away at the murky layers to ascertain the truth about AQ Khan and his accomplishments.

“Without diminishing the difficulties of indigenous nuclear programmes, all nuclear weapons programmes after the Manhattan Project have relied upon illegally acquired knowledge, technology or material. On the evening that Musharraf pardoned Khan, the Pakistani president was blunt: ‘If all the nuclear powers of the world are reviewed from the start, all of them established themselves through the underworld. We have also acquired it [nuclear capability] through the underworld. India has also acquired it through the underworld”- News paper report on President Pervez Musharraf’s speech of February 4, 2004 pardoning Dr. A.Q. Khan.
“To sit silent
And look wise
Is not to be compared with
Drinking sake
And making a riotous noise”- Otomo No Tabito (665-731 AD) from“The Manyo Shu” -Arthur Waley’s translation.).........more
http://defencejournal.com/2007-4/index.asp

[jawad]

Jawad, you are right, all devices tested on May 28 were boosted fission devices. They were boosted by using tritium. The test on May 30th was also a boosted device, but the design of the bomb was the latest, and most advanced. It was much more compact and efficient than the older one's and it is still not known with certainty if it was uranium or plutonium, or a mix of both, which is gives the most powerful yield.

So you say that May 30th test was most powerfull one ?
AQ Khan said that May 28 tests included a power full boosteddevice with yeild of around 35KT

[M Ahmed]

So you say that May 30th test was most powerfull one ?
AQ Khan said that May 28 tests included a power full boosteddevice with yeild of around 35KT

Salam,

First of all I don't say that the May 30th test was most powerful one on my own. Dr. Samar Mubarakmand, who was leader of the nuclear test team of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) at Chaghi on May 28 & May 30, 1998 has said this. You can see this in his Geo TV Interview. Dr. Samar conducted the tests and the PAEC Diagnostics Group took the measurements of the yields.

The May 30 test was conducted on 11.55 am in the Kharan underground test site which had a reported yield of 18 KT. This according to Dr. Samar, was the latest and most efficient bomb design that is very small in size, and is best suited for aircraft and missiles.

Following is the official statement of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission issued soon after the tests:

ISLAMABAD: The five nuclear tests conducted on Thursday measured up to 5.0 on the Richter scale and were a total success and completely safe with no release of radiation. Although the reported yield figures are up to 40 KT (equivalent TNT), the Seismic centres reported a shock measured up to 5.0 on the Richter scale. Subsequently, the scientists' group monitoring radiation in the area confirmed no release of radiation in the environment and the tests were declared completely safe and a total success.

Sources in the Directorate of Technical Development, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, said that the tests were performed with devices buried deep into the bellies of rocky mountains in Chagai range. "Observers present at the test site reported that the mountain structure -- originally composed of black granite rocks -- changed colour into greyish white in a split second due to the intense heat produced by the test," they said.

The immense shock wave produce was detected and monitored by Seismic centres in the US, Russia, Australia and many other countries, said the Directorate of Technical Development. A statement issued by the PAEC Directorate of Technical Development said that it had fulfilled its mission by not only successfully producing a variety of potential nuclear devices, but also by performing perfect hot tests which resulted in near expected yields and providing invaluable scientific data.

The statement said: "The mission has, on the one hand, boosted the morale of the Pakistani nation by giving it an honourable position in the nuclear world, while on the other hand it validated scientific theory, design and previous results from cold tests. This has more than justified the creation and establishment of DTD 20 years back.
"Through these critical years of nuclear device development, the leadership contribution changed hands from Mr. Munir Ahmad Khan to Dr Ishfaq Ahmad and finally to Dr Samar Mubarakmand (Member Technical).

These gifted scientists and engineers along with a highly-dedicated team worked logically and economically to design, produce and test an extremely rugged device for the nation which enable the Islamic Republic of Pakistan from strength to strength. By the grace of Almighty Allah, the PAEC as an organisation has proven to be the pride of the Pakistani nation."

In addition to the above on May 30, 1998, PAEC conducted five nuclear tests with a total yield of 40-45 Kt. One of the these tests was around 35-40 Kt, while the others were all sub-kiloton devices.

Please see another new report regarding the tests in which Dr. Samar has given further information:

1998-06-03
Business Recorder
Dr Samar insists PAEC
staff conducted N-blasts

LONDON: Dr Samar Mubarakmand, head of Pakistan's scientists team which conducted nuclear explosions and director general of National Development Complex has said that achievement of six successsful nuclear tests on May 28 and 30, 1998 in Chagai area of Balochistan province was made by scientists of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).

"It is a wrong impression that these explosions in Chagai were jointly conducted by scientists belonging to various organisations. Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was invited to the site of the explosions only as observer and he has no direct connection with the tests" Dr. Mubarakmand was quoted as saying by the BBC on Tuesday.

According to him Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was invited at the time of first explosions and he was very kind to come. He was accompanied by Chairman PAEC Dr Ashfaq Ahmed. Both these veteran scientists reached there ten to fifteen minutes before the tests and joined the Dua, "We performed for the success of the exlposions. They stayed for ten to fifteen minutes after the explosions and then left."

Dr. Mubarakmand, who was present at the site of the nuclear explosions along with other scientists and engineers on May 28 and 30 said, the Shaheen missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads developed by the army's missile manufacturing organisations, National Development Complex having a range of up to 700 kilometres, is now ready for test. "The missiles have been mounted on launch pads and that only government's permission is needed to fire them. The missile can hit 250 metres deep at the selected target", he added.

He further said that another missile was being prepared in the Shaheen series which will have a range of 2000 kilometres and that it will be ready for test fire within a year.

He said that sample of nuclear warhead to be mounted on Shaheen-I missile had been prepared. On being asked if the warheads had also been prepared, he replied that at the moment he would like to make only this statement.

He told a questioner that of the five explosions carried out last Thursday, four were very low yield experiments which had been planned for safety of the devices and one was of nearly 40 kilo tonnes of fission bomb. "We conducted only one explosion on Saturday also a fission bomb, he added._PPI

Therefore what is meant by the most powerful design is one that gives the maximum yield and has the smallest possible size, or is a miniaturized device, ideal for use on missiles and aircraft. The yields of these devices can be increased during the design phase.


Regards.

[jawad]

First of all I don't say that the May 30th test was most powerful one on my own. Dr. Samar Mubarakmand, who was leader of the nuclear test team of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) at Chaghi on May 28 & May 30, 1998 has said this. You can see this in his Geo TV Interview. Dr. Samar conducted the tests and the PAEC Diagnostics Group took the measurements of the yields.

The May 30 test was conducted on 11.55 am in the Kharan underground test site which had a reported yield of 18 KT. This according to Dr. Samar, was the latest and most efficient bomb design that is very small in size, and is best suited for aircraft and missiles

that's what i ment
Any ways thanks for replying

[Noman Habib]

I was trying to find a declassified document though unsuccessfuly in which americans claimed to be reassured by Dr Usmani that he will manage to detrack the nuclear weapon programme.Probabaly state department declassified document however AQ was right in suspecting "Mirrzai,s"though generaly patriotic but only when we are not confronted against west.PAEC was infested with Foriegne agents and secondly Is the enrichment of euranium so simple that AQ khan ,s role is considered negligible.
Had it not be nuclear programme of DPK and Iran today we would have been under more pressure to wind up The nuclear programme which I to be very honest suspect that Musharaf has at least frozen it having cirtain arrangements with India under US supervision.Messiles programme is different issue.This effort has at least taken the war awy from us for time being it has to be well done AQ khan

[AjmalMahmood]

I was trying to find a declassified document though unsuccessfuly in which americans claimed to be reassured by Dr Usmani that he will manage to detrack the nuclear weapon programme.Probabaly state department declassified document however AQ was right in suspecting "Mirrzai,s"though generaly patriotic but only when we are not confronted against west.PAEC was infested with Foriegne agents and secondly Is the enrichment of euranium so simple that AQ khan ,s role is considered negligible.
Had it not be nuclear programme of DPK and Iran today we would have been under more pressure to wind up The nuclear programme which I to be very honest suspect that Musharaf has at least frozen it having cirtain arrangements with India under US supervision.Messiles programme is different issue.This effort has at least taken the war awy from us for time being it has to be well done AQ khan

This is clear anti Pakistan propaganda which is propagated from Anti Pakistan and Talibanistan loving extremists. There is absolutely no role back in Pakistan Nuclear program. In fact as Dr Mubrakmand pointed out we are getting better at every passing day in terms of command and control, security, more effective delivery system and research for diversification of weapon design. I am proud that our nuclear program is a strong institution instead of personalities and that is what hurts most to extremists.
Cults like JI/TNSM does not like institutions and are obsessed with personalities like AQ Khan. A Strong state is their failure and they survive and thrive in failed states like somalia and Afghanistan, that is why this propaganda is at full swing.

AQ Khan Played a very important role in uranium enrichment, early missile systems
Designs and building of KRL and that is why nation forgave his shortcomings.
Regarding Qaadianees in nuclear program, any Pakistani citizen irrespective of his religion is qualified to participate in armed forces and nuclear institutes. Parliament of Pakistan has declared them Non Muslims and I expect they respect this law but any other fatwa which alienate any Pakistani community is simply illegal and criminal act.

[M Ahmed]

Salam,

Excellent post Ajmal sahib.


Noman Habib Sahib,

Dr. I.H. Usmani was the founding father of the PAEC. He established Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), with its research reactor and the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP), and without these two institutions,there would have been no need for a nuclear program, and the nuclear weapons program itself was unthinkable. Usmani sent hundreds of scientists and engineers abroad for training who came back and under Munir Ahmad Khan at PAEC made Pakistan a nuclear power. It was the same team of scientists trained under Usmani, who initiated, developed and sustained the uranium enrichment program, first under Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood, and later under A.Q. Khan. Usmani also established a number of nuclear medical and agricultural centres in Pakistan. He gave the base of the human resource and the bare minimum infrastucture that was eventually further built up, expanded and developed by PAEC after the decision was taken in 1972 at the Multan Conference, when Munir Khan was made PAEC chairman. In 1967, Usmani established the Reactor School in PINSTECH as a training institution for nuclear scientists and engineers of PAEC. In 1975 Munir Khan upgraded the Reactor School and established the Centre for Nuclear Studies as a centre of excellence in human resource development and training for scientists, engineers and technicians in all areas of nuclear science and technology. CNS trained and provided the technical manpower for all projects of Pakistan's nuclear program, including the enrichment project, and was the backbone of the nuclear program throughout the 1970s, 80s and 90s.

Today CNS is a University called PIEAS and a Dr. I.H. Usmani gold medal in Nuclear Engineering and a Mr. Munir Ahmed Khan gold medal in Systems Engineering are awarded to distinguishing students in PIEAS.

But Usmani was against the nuclear weapons option primarily because he believed we could not do it, due to lack of necessary materials, infrastructure and facilities. He was proven wrong in this respect, but by his own team of trained scientists and engineers at PAEC. Ir was precisely because of this reason that he was replaced by a nuclear engineer, Mr. Munir Ahmed Khan, who was a known advocate of nuclear weapons, and who along with Bhutto had tried to convince Ayub Khan to start working on the nuclear weapons option in the 1960s.

The documents you are mentioned indicated a Bengali who may have known Usmani, but he left PAEC along with many other Bengalis whose loyalty to Pakistan was in doubt, soon after the separation of East Pakistan.

Regarding Enrichment, the enrichment project was originally a PAEC project code named Project-706. It was launched under Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood in 1974. By the time AQ joined the project in 1976, almost everything needed to run the project had been procured, from maraging steel to frequency inverters, the necessary infrastructure of pilot-centrifuge plants developed at Chaklala and Sihala, and most importantly, the human resource that was to make the project a success, like Dr. GD Alam and Anwar Ali and Dr. Javed Arshad Mirza , along with others, who are the unsung heroes of the enrichment project, they were selected and transfered from PINSTECH and other PAEC facilities to this project by 1975-76. Dr. GD Alam headed the centrifuge design and development team at KRL. PAEC had also procured Italian centrifuge designs in 1975. Since AQ's drawings were incomplete, these drawings and a lot of indigenous Research and Development by the scientists and engineers working on the project in 1975-1979 became critical to the success of the project.

Also see that Dr. Samar has clearly said in his 1998 speech that the enrichment project was a PAEC responsibility and it was only made independent under AQ Khan in 1980-81 when the plant had become fully operational. Plus PAEC has been and still is providing all the UF6 needed as Feed for the enrichment project. It is this UF6 which is passed through the centrifuges, which are essentially mechanical devices, and enriched.

Plus enrichment is one important link in a series of almost 20-24 such equally important links that form the nuclear fuel cycle and which are critical to the success of any nuclear program, whether civilian or military. All other links have been working successfully in PAEC along with this one link.

If you have to eulogize one individual heading one project , i.e. AQ, who in the process of heading the project established an international export oriented smuggling network for personal profit, whereby we nearly committed suicide, and may face the consequences in future, then you must also give equal credit to each head of the 20 other important projects that were being run in PAEC, all working on the nuclear weapons program, and each one the size of KRL. And then you must also give credit to the man who had developed these 20 PAEC projects and headed PAEC and taken them to their logical conclusion of success.

I think Dr. Samar has enough personal contribution to the bomb that his abundantly clear views should be believed, understood and appropriate conclusions drawn as to what exactly is necessary to become a nuclear power.

About Qadianis in the program, only the Nobel Laureate, Dr. Abdus Salam was a Qadiani who was associated with the program in the very early stages till 1974 when they were decreed as non-muslims, and he had to leave Pakistan. No other scientist or engineer in the program belonged was Qadiani, because they simply could not get any security clearance and especially after Gen. Zia took over in 1977, it was impossible for any such individual to stay in the program. The ISI cleared all PAEC scientists of this charge in its report in Jan. 1977. Any aspertions to the effect that any non-muslim stayed in the program is utter rubbish.

Secondly, people working in the program were scientists, not politicians. To them, science did not have a religion, and in their student days, Salam was a father figure in Govt. College Lahore in the Physics Department. Later when Salam established the ICTP in Italy, many Pakistani students benefited from him in their pursuit of higher education in the field of nuclear science and technology. So how does then any such professional association with Prof. Salam imply that any one who worked with him or knew him was also non-muslim?

How on earth can say that Pakistan's program has been frozen by Musharraf just because the metallurgist who was selling Pakistan's assets abroad for profit has been placed under house arrest for his own protection and in the greater national interest?

For your kind information, Pakistan has since not only expanded its reprocessing capability according to media reports, but is also building a much bigger plutonium production reactor in Khushab, which will give us much more material for a bomb than uranium has ever had. And Pakistan's missile program has progressed by leaps and bounds ever since NESCOM has been created in 2001.

And in the final analysis, institutions matter most, individuals come and go. KRL was there as a project even before AQ Khan came to Pakistan, and it is there even now and will always remain. So is PAEC. And new institutions have been born which is proof that Pakistan's strategic programmes are progressing by leaps and bounds.

[Noman Habib]

1.It was a signal sent from US embassy Islamabad to washington regarding the convention of scientists at Multan in 1972, Interesting part was the claim that IH Usmani
had assured the Americans that he will not let the programme turn into nuclear weapon programme.Most of the declassified documentation about Pakistan is probabaly classified again as it sheds light on many more aristocrates which is bad For US interests
under the circumstances however i am trying.
2.Ajmal sahib ,Making noise does not cover up the facts
a.Our nuclear programme was india centric and it was much more sophisticated and mature than india.Musharaf as a Major general was quite vocal in favour of mutual arrangement with India to freez both the programmes under US pressure as per him this arrangement will favour Pakistan more??
b,To assume that now once he is in control he has changed his stance is unlikely as pressure of USA has increased many folds than mid 90.s
c.I am sure most of the officers must be repenting why so visible political ambitions of a general was not reported to Primeminister through some channals Ultimately it is Pakistan which is paying the price of that folly.
3.Honestly I pray that this assumption of freezing is wrong but i find no reason to be optimystic.We have been ''secured'' through enlightened Moderates for America.
4.Question is why India will enter under such arrangement ,the answer is simple it support their conventional edge.
5.link is eventualy found here it is read it and enjoy
http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/pakist...i8june1972.htm

[Mohammed Ali]

mullah omer attacking Pakistan ... laughable... but come on now

[rana1]

@ Mr. Mansoor Ahmad.
You are calling Mr. Munir Ahmad of PAEC a nuclear engineer, sir he obtained his M.Sc. in electronics not nuclear sciences. If you think it from his workings in IAEA then there are many different kinds of engineers work their electrical, electronics, mechanical, and some civil engineers also.
If you are confident that he is a nuclear engineer then from where he obtained his degree, which western university gave admission him to such a faculty.
Mr. Munir Ahmad is only a engineer and he was the head of many Doctors! Why we have many good scientists had PhDs?
You are saying institutions are important than persons, you are right. But some times persons got more importance than institutions.
if institutions are more important than persons then why Govt. presented awards to only a few scientists not institutions such as PAEC, KRL etc.
You remember Mag. Aziz Bhatti was not alone at BRB Lahore in 1965 to defend Lahore, he accompanied with many brave soldiers and other talented officers, why Govt presented him Nishan-e-Haider not to the whole of unit.
So sir some times persons are the institutions.

I think sir Dr. AQ Khan's age thrice the age of yours. Please forgive him if he did mistake to return Pakistan.
You are either the agent of ISI or they paid you for this anti AQ propaganda.
In your every post you insisted only that Dr. AQ Khan is corrupt and -----.

[Farooq]

@ Mr. Mansoor Ahmad.
You are calling Mr. Munir Ahmad of PAEC a nuclear engineer, sir he obtained his M.Sc. in electronics not nuclear sciences. If you think it from his workings in IAEA then there are many different kinds of engineers work their electrical, electronics, mechanical, and some civil engineers also.
If you are confident that he is a nuclear engineer then from where he obtained his degree, which western university gave admission him to such a faculty.
Mr. Munir Ahmad is only a engineer and he was the head of many Doctors! Why we have many good scientists had PhDs?
You are saying institutions are important than persons, you are right. But some times persons got more importance than institutions.
if institutions are more important than persons then why Govt. presented awards to only a few scientists not institutions such as PAEC, KRL etc.
You remember Mag. Aziz Bhatti was not alone at BRB Lahore in 1965 to defend Lahore, he accompanied with many brave soldiers and other talented officers, why Govt presented him Nishan-e-Haider not to the whole of unit.
So sir some times persons are the institutions.

-----.

Mr Rana Sahib,
Your defence of AQ seem to be getting more and more laughable by the day. I suggest you go back to reading your urdu column in the daily jang, where expert journalists refer to 'Inertial guidance' as 'initial guidance' , and where you probably get your information from.

As for your point regarding AQ having a Phd and Munir Ahmed not. Having a Phd means you have attained a level of specialised knowledge in a particular area through dedicated research. Having a Phd does not mean you are automatically a good administrator or team leader or project manager.

As for AQ being thrice Mr Mansoor's age, I guess only he can answer that. What the heck has ISI got to do with criticising and disagreeing with the actions of AQ. ???

[rana1]

@ Farooq
Sir i am not defending Dr. AQ. i am not his Lawyer. but one thing i like to mention is respect towards our hero s. if any one did something wrong we do not need to abuses him. because he practically did some thing even it was little. but we are here only use words, it should be done. that should be done. .....
are you or Mr. Mansoor played any role in defence of Pakistan, in Pakistan's Nuclear program? definately no. then why we shouted at the people who practically the part of it.
we have no right to criticise any one's role. we have to paid respect to those who are involved in that work at any time and at any level. it will increase their morale.

you are right PhD does not mean you are automatically a good administrator or team leader or project manager. so you need a good administrator to run a program. same the case with Dr. AQ Khan, he is a good administrator who run KRL smoothly and very affectively.
in the Last thanks for your suggestion. knowledge is knowledge you can get it from every where, no limitations.
Thanks

[M Ahmed]

Mr Rana,

Mr. Munir Ahmed Khan was a nuclear engineer having specialized in nuclear engineering from the Argonne National Laboratories, which was part of the University of Chicago, USA, under the Atoms for Peace Program. Before his M.Sc in nuclear engineering, he did his M.Sc in Electrical Engineering from the State University of North Carolina.

He was the first Asian and the only Pakistani to have made it to the IAEA as a nuclear fuel officer in 1958 and then he rose to become Head of Nuclear Reactor Engineering Division at the IAEA till 1972 when Prime Minister Bhutto appointed him PAEC chairman at the Multan Conference. Bhutto knew him since 1965, and was aware of his experience and technical capability.

He was also elected as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the IAEA in 1986-87. He also served as Scientific Secretary of the UN Geneva Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy from 1964 to 1971.

Would you care to explain how on earth did Munir manage to become head of nuclear engineering at the IAEA if he was not qualified in the field of nuclear engineering or head the PAEC from 1972-1991 or get elected as chairman of IAEA Board?

I am sure you are reading books written by Zahid Malik, and others like him.

So if he was just an engineer, then how did he head with distinction the 20 projects being run in PAEC, all working on the nuclear program for 19 long years from 1972-1991? Why did Bhutto appoint him as PAEC chairman in 1972 when there were hundreds of PhDs in the PAEC who would later work under him for 19 long years?

Why did the scientists and engineers of PAEC, many of whom have PhDs, elect Munir Khan as the first President of Pakistan Nuclear Society after his retirement from PAEC in 1991?

Kindly see this paper by Dr. NM. Butt, chairman Pakistan Science Foundation and Scientists Emiretus, PINSTECH, for some further information. "Nuclear Radiation & Nuclear Science & Technology in Pakistan" by N. M. Butt.

http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/a...radiation.html

And this from the ICTP, the International Centre for Theorectical Physics, Trieste, Italy, founded by the Nobel Laureate, Prof. Abdus Salam.

http://www.ictp.trieste.it/~sci_info...l#anchor202943

You guys are stuck with having a PhD. For your kind information, the present chairman PAEC Mr. Anwar Ali is also not a PhD, nor was Mr. Pervez Butt before him, nor is the present KRL chairman Phd. And besides, AQ's PhD is in metallurgy, not nuclear engineering or physics.

And 90 percent of all projects in the nuclear program were engineering projects!.

If AQ is being criticised, it is because of his selling of Pakistan's technology to Iran, libya and North Korea along with his accomplices, for private profit. This has become a ready made case against Pakistan that can be used by our enemies at the time of their choosing, and we can be declared a rogue and irresponsible nuclear power. The Indo-US nuclear deal that was denied to us is one result of this unauthorised nuclear export to Iran, Libya and North Korea, and 30 other entities.

These are facts, they are not my invention. So is President Musharraf also lying about it then when he dedicates a full chapter to nuclear proliferation by AQ in his book? Is the IAEA also lying when they have documents given to them by Iran and Libya, some of which have signed papers with AQ's signatures, in addition to CDs, drawings, designs, components and exact centrifuge machines that were being used in our enrichment program, all of which implicate beyond any doubt AQ's involvement?

If all this is not true, then why did Pakistan send its enriched uranium samples to the IAEA for testing which confirmed that the enriched uranium from Pakistan reached Iran through the centrifuges sold to Iran by AQ in the 1987 deal, brokered in Dubai?

Once again, this thread was opened not for AQ Khan, but for discussion on Dr. Samar's interview. I am only forced to talk about AQ in response to the points raised by the members.

[M Abdullah]

Exactly what checks has Gen. Musharraf agreed to?

[Noman Habib]

Exactly what checks has Gen. Musharraf agreed to?

This is something which will come out in future one can only speculate
1.Number of nuclear weapons is restricted
2.There are cirtain confidence building measures signed with India to limit the danger of
accidental nuclear war.This has given India cirtain edge as we have to inform them before hit.This agreement clausis have not been made public
3.Tacit acceptance of CTBT and NPT
4.Agreed not to built the ICBM,s or even not to have range to reach israel
5.There will be no hot war heads but no knowldge how much time it will take to assemble a nuclear device
Apparently we have been using Indian excuse for development of our nuclear arsenal but If India agrees and probabaly they have agreed to stop nuclear programme at present state if Pakistan is restricted as well.Diplomaticaly we can not tell yanks that our minimum nuclear detterence is not against India anymore but it is against them as well.There was no diplomatic solution to yankee,s demand specialy once they were already in our neighbourhood.

[MARK]

Well I dont know what we are arguing about. The fact of the matter is that Dr AQ Khan has a lot of property and bank balance which is not explained by his paychecks from KRL. He did important work at KRL and served very well as a Decoy so that the core scientific team could carry out its work in safety of secrecy while all eyes were on him. He served Pakistan excellently by confessing, as the issue of proliferation could have been used as pretext to attack Pakistan.
Well it may still be used as a propaganda tool to smear Pakistan, but the fact remains that we are a nuclear power. Our program is safe. Our weapons are out there and no body can deny it. That is the single most reason that we have not been attacked by india, israel or USA untill now for that matter.

Our boys did it and we should be happy, but we should not rest as all is not done yet as our enemies are still out there who would try anything to steal our lunch. We cannot allow that to happen as we have hungry masses to feed and our children's future depend on what we save for them today.

What we did in nuclear field is part of our history and heritage, it needs to be replicated in other sectors and should be a springing board for initiating cutting edge technologies.

"The woods are lovely dark and green,
But I have promises to keep,
And Miles to go before I sleep
And Miles to go before I sleep"

Arguing about who did what and when is futile. The truth will come out eventually. Rest assured that the history will not forget and will not forgive. The pendullum of history is constantly swinging to and fro. We just have to wait and work hard untill it swings our way, so that it may find us ready for the responsibility to usher in the era of peace and tranquility for our people as well.

So God Help us.
God Bless Pakistan and its bright young people who will Inshallah carve out a shining future for themselves and all who love Pakistan and stand for what Pakistan was created for.

Pakistan Zindabad.

[Noman Habib]

Well I dont know what we are arguing about. The fact of the matter is that Dr AQ Khan has a lot of property and bank balance which is not explained by his paychecks from KRL. He did important work at KRL and served very well as a Decoy so that the core scientific team could carry out its work in safety of secrecy while all eyes were on him. He served Pakistan excellently by confessing, as the issue of proliferation could have been used as pretext to attack Pakistan.
Well it may still be used as a propaganda tool to smear Pakistan, but the fact remains that we are a nuclear power. Our program is safe. Our weapons are out there and no body can deny it. That is the single most reason that we have not been attacked by india, israel or USA untill now for that matter.

Our boys did it and we should be happy, but we should not rest as all is not done yet as our enemies are still out there who would try anything to steal our lunch. We cannot allow that to happen as we have hungry masses to feed and our children's future depend on what we save for them today.

What we did in nuclear field is part of our history and heritage, it needs to be replicated in other sectors and should be a springing board for initiating cutting edge technologies.

"The woods are lovely dark and green,
But I have promises to keep,
And Miles to go before I sleep
And Miles to go before I sleep"

Arguing about who did what and when is futile. The truth will come out eventually. Rest assured that the history will not forget and will not forgive. The pendullum of history is constantly swinging to and fro. We just have to wait and work hard untill it swings our way, so that it may find us ready for the responsibility to usher in the era of peace and tranquility for our people as well.

So God Help us.
God Bless Pakistan and its bright young people who will Inshallah carve out a shining future for themselves and all who love Pakistan and stand for what Pakistan was created for.

Pakistan Zindabad.

Let us not maligne our scientists,North Koria,Iran and even Libya are not our enemy states.How Israel got nuclear technology nobody seems to care.Please no blame game on our nuclear scientists.Now we have a choice to openly refuse to come under pressure.It is right of every nation to keep and develop WMD or to retain The capability or to acquire technical know how or to transfer the technology.American themselves got this technology from German deserters.Pakistan might not have done it in the Past but we will do it in future if situation so arises,let us see what they do to us.

[jawad]

mansoor bahi do you have any knowledge of any compact N-Power Plant for submarines under study or any plans to do so?
Do you Any have knowledge of locally made Research N-Power Plant under study or construction or any plans to do so?

[M Ahmed]

mansoor bahi do you have any knowledge of any compact N-Power Plant for submarines under study or any plans to do so?
Do you Any have knowledge of locally made Research N-Power Plant under study or construction or any plans to do so?

Salam Jawad,

Building small nuclear reactors for submarines is possible for Pakistani scientists and engineers, given the political mandate/ support and resources. Such a plan was considered at some levels in the past, but could not secure the requisite political and bureaucratic support.

Khushab-I is an example of a locally made/indigenous nuclear power plant which falls under the category of a "Research Reactor", given its size, i.e. 40-50MW. The other two reactors under construction at the same site, as per media reports, are also being built locally and indigenously by PAEC.

PAEC also upgraded the 5MW Research Reactor at PINSTECH in 1989-90 locally and converted it from HEU fuel to LEU fuel. Pakistan's entire nuclear fuel cycle program has been indigenously developed from scratch by PAEC scientists and engineers, beginning in the 1970s which include uranium mining, milling, refining, conversion, fuel fabrication and reprocessing facilities.

Pakistan's nuclear weapons program consisting of the theoretical designing, physics calculations, trigger mechanism and neutron source development, diagostics, ultra-high speed electronics, and ultra high precision mechanical and high explosive manufacturing technologies and facilities and nuclear testing facilities have all been built locally by scientists and engineers of the Directorate of Technical Development (DTD) of PAEC.

Similarly, Pakistan's uranium enrichment project which began in 1974 has also been successful due to the indigenous efforts of scientists and engineers such as Dr. GD Alam, Anwar Ali, Iqbal Khokar and Dr. Javed Mirza.

Pakistan's nuclear training program has also been purely indigenous after the west closed its doors to our scientists and engineers.

Pakistani technology is largely the result of R & D and innovation by our own scientists, engineers and technicians.

Regards.

[jawad]

Thanks for clearing thing mansoor bhai

second question if you can answer is, can Pakistan go beyond boosted fission devices to true multi stage H-bomb for reduction in size & weight Vs yeild?

i mean india says that they designed both boosted fission devices and H-Bombs after just single test on1974 so it should possible for pakistan after six tests to do so?

what could be size and weight of current generation N-weapons of pakistan ?
i have seen basket ball size and 160-220 lb weight figures in different internet sources are they correct?

Just looking for your comments

[MARK]

Thanks for clearing thing mansoor bhai

second question if you can answer is, can Pakistan go beyond boosted fission devices to true multi stage H-bomb for reduction in size & weight Vs yeild?

i mean india says that they designed both boosted fission devices and H-Bombs after just single test on1974 so it should possible for pakistan after six tests to do so?

what could be size and weight of current generation N-weapons of pakistan ?
i have seen basket ball size and 160-220 lb weight figures in different internet sources are they correct?

Just looking for your comments

Just an observation. Nothing personal. What is the value of the information being sought for oneself?

I am Just being nosy so my humble apologies in advance.

[jawad]

Just an observation. Nothing personal. What is the value of the information being sought for oneself?

I am Just being nosy so my humble apologies in advance.

i am more interested in Nuclear, Missile and Space Warfare Threads as compared to airforce and navy related threads and mansoor bhai is best person on net to get realy good insight into paksitani nuclear programe and thats it.
and i dont think that information provided here or information available on the net is offical or Secret

[MARK]

i am more interested in Nuclear, Missile and Space Warfare Threads as compared to airforce and navy related threads and mansoor bhai is best person on net to get realy good insight into paksitani nuclear programe and thats it.
and i dont think that information provided here or information available on the net is offical or Secret

Ok.


(I know the info here is not official and not secret at all)

I am just a nosy person. My apologies.

Wasalam

[jawad]

Ok.


(I know the info here is not official and not secret at all)

I am just a nosy person. My apologies.

Wasalam

no problem brother
every one here is concerned about the pakistan's security first and then some thing else

Building H-bombs and advanced warheads is very much possible for Pakistani scientists and engineers. Now Khushab-1 and the under construction K-2 and K-3 reactors are a source of tritium along with plutonium.

It was Munir Ahmad Khan's vision that Pakistan should be able to develop the technologies needed to build thermonuclear and tactical warheads that use plutonium as fissile material and other warheads that use a mix of both uranium and plutonium, and that is why Khushab-I was conceived and initiated by him in 1985. He had also set up a tritium purification/recovery facility at the Khushab Nuclear Complex site by 1987.

Now tritium is necessary to boost fission warheads and build thermonuclear weapons as well. Building a H-bomb design is very much possible for Pakistan. Dr. Samar Mubarakmand told the Urdu Newspaper Jang on 15-05-1999, that "if needed Pakistan could build and test a Hydrogen Bomb".

Dr. NM Butt, former DG (PINSTECH) in 1999 said that Pakistani scientists could also build a Neutron Bomb if needed.

Basically an advanced H-bomb could be built once a workable bomb design has been constructed. PAEC scientists have had experience with developing nuclear weapon designs since 1978 when DTD had its first bomb design ready. Thereafter from 1983 onwards, 24 cold tests of different weapon designs were successfully conducted by PAEC till 1990 and this continued in the 1990s as well. Dr. Samar in his Speech given at GC Lahore in November 1998 has said that PAEC theoretical physicists can develop a new weapon design every 2-3 months.

This implies that the technical expertise for advanced weapon design development is well in place which is also experienced with other aspects of warhead development such as electronics, computers, diagnostics, high explosives, machining and metallurgy, and mechanical engineering.

PAEC has been and now NESCOM is building advanced compact warheads, for tactical use, for ballistic and cruise missiles. After Khushab-I went into operation in 1999, Pakistan now has sufficient plutonium and tritium to build advanced compact warheads. It will also result in economy of fissile material, i.e. the more sophisticated the design, the less the PU needed for the bomb.

very informative indeed

H-Bombs are city killers, they are not meant for battlefield or tactical use.They are the ultimate weapons of destruction.

i think that to deal with enemies like india and company we will still need city killers imean only city killers can stop them from starting a war

The six tests Pakistan conducted included boosted fission devices. The last test of May 30th was our most sophisticated design. The numeous cold tests and the 1998 hot tests must have enabled Pakistani scientists and engineers to validate their weapon designs and verfiy their calculations to be able to build more advanced warheads. That is the logic behind nuclear testing.

so the so called 35K test on 28th May is not the most sophisticated design

As for the size of the weapons, they would depend on the delivery system/platform, such as a missile, or aircraft.

you are right , i must have understood this

[M Ahmed]

Thanks for clearing thing mansoor bhai

second question if you can answer is, can Pakistan go beyond boosted fission devices to true multi stage H-bomb for reduction in size & weight Vs yeild?

i mean india says that they designed both boosted fission devices and H-Bombs after just single test on1974 so it should possible for pakistan after six tests to do so?

what could be size and weight of current generation N-weapons of pakistan ?
i have seen basket ball size and 160-220 lb weight figures in different internet sources are they correct?

Just looking for your comments

Salam,

Building H-bombs and advanced warheads is very much possible for Pakistani scientists and engineers. Now Khushab-1 and the under construction K-2 and K-3 reactors are a source of tritium along with plutonium.

It was Munir Ahmad Khan's vision that Pakistan should be able to develop the technologies needed to build thermonuclear and tactical warheads that use plutonium as fissile material and other warheads that use a mix of both uranium and plutonium, and that is why Khushab-I was conceived and initiated by him in 1985. He had also set up a tritium purification/recovery facility at the Khushab Nuclear Complex site by 1987.

Now tritium is necessary to boost fission warheads and build thermonuclear weapons as well. Building a H-bomb design is very much possible for Pakistan. Dr. Samar Mubarakmand told the Urdu Newspaper Jang on 15-05-1999, that "if needed Pakistan could build and test a Hydrogen Bomb".

Dr. NM Butt, former DG (PINSTECH) in 1999 said that Pakistani scientists could also build a Neutron Bomb if needed.

Basically an advanced H-bomb could be built once a workable bomb design has been constructed. PAEC scientists have had experience with developing nuclear weapon designs since 1978 when DTD had its first bomb design ready. Thereafter from 1983 onwards, 24 cold tests of different weapon designs were successfully conducted by PAEC till 1990 and this continued in the 1990s as well. Dr. Samar in his Speech given at GC Lahore in November 1998 has said that PAEC theoretical physicists can develop a new weapon design every 2-3 months.

This implies that the technical expertise for advanced weapon design development is well in place which is also experienced with other aspects of warhead development such as electronics, computers, diagnostics, high explosives, machining and metallurgy, and mechanical engineering.

PAEC has been and now NESCOM is building advanced compact warheads, for tactical use, for ballistic and cruise missiles. After Khushab-I went into operation in 1999, Pakistan now has sufficient plutonium and tritium to build advanced compact warheads. It will also result in economy of fissile material, i.e. the more sophisticated the design, the less the PU needed for the bomb.

H-Bombs are city killers, they are not meant for battlefield or tactical use.
They are the ultimate weapons of destruction.

The six tests Pakistan conducted included boosted fission devices. The last test of May 30th was our most sophisticated design. The numeous cold tests and the 1998 hot tests must have enabled Pakistani scientists and engineers to validate their weapon designs and verfiy their calculations to be able to build more advanced warheads. That is the logic behind nuclear testing.

As for the size of the weapons, they would depend on the delivery system/platform, such as a missile, or aircraft.

Regards.